A Synthesis of Spruce Beetle and Fire Interactions in North American Subalpine Forests.  Landscape Ecology. Trevor Carter, Katherine Hayes, Brian Buma.  In this review article, Trevor Carter and coauthors conduct the first major review on spruce beetle and fire interactions. Spruce beetle is a well known component of Colorado and western forests, as are fires, but due to their high elevation the two rarely interact. However, that may be changing as the climate warms, and the authors explore the implications.